What Is Valvuloplasty?
Valvuloplasty is a medical procedure used to treat heart valve problems. Doctors often call it heart valve balloon surgery. During valvuloplasty, a small balloon is used to open a stiff or narrow heart valve. This helps blood flow more easily through the heart. Many people with heart valve disease benefit from this treatment. According to the World Health Organization, heart valve problems are common and can affect people of all ages.
Why Is Valvuloplasty Performed?
Doctors recommend valvuloplasty for several reasons. Most often, it is done when a heart valve becomes too narrow or stiff. This condition is called valve stenosis. Because the valve does not open well, blood cannot flow smoothly. As a result, you may feel tired, short of breath, or dizzy. Sometimes, doctors choose valvuloplasty if other treatments are not suitable. For example, it may be used when surgery is too risky or when symptoms are severe.
How Is Valvuloplasty Done?
The valvuloplasty procedure is usually done in a hospital. First, doctors give you medicine to help you relax. Then, they numb the area where they will insert a thin tube, called a catheter. This tube is usually placed in a blood vessel in your leg or arm. Next, the doctor guides the catheter to your heart. A small balloon at the tip of the tube is placed inside the narrow valve. Once in place, the balloon is gently inflated. This stretches the valve open and improves blood flow. Afterward, the balloon is deflated and removed. The whole process often takes one to two hours. Most people stay awake but comfortable during the procedure.
Risks and Possible Complications
Like any medical procedure, valvuloplasty has some risks. However, most people do well and recover quickly. Still, it is important to know the possible problems. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, serious complications are rare but can happen. For example, you might have bleeding or bruising where the catheter was inserted. Sometimes, the valve can become narrow again over time. In rare cases, the procedure may cause a heart rhythm problem or a stroke. Your doctor will discuss these risks with you before the procedure.
Recovery and Aftercare
After valvuloplasty, you will rest in the hospital for a few hours or overnight. Most people can go home the next day. Because the procedure is less invasive than open-heart surgery, recovery is usually quick. You may feel tired for a few days. However, most people return to normal activities within a week. Your doctor will give you instructions for care at home. For example, you should avoid heavy lifting for a few days. It is important to watch for signs of infection or bleeding. If you notice swelling, redness, or fever, call your doctor right away. Regular follow-up visits help track your progress and check your heart valve.
Prevention and Lifestyle Tips for Heart Valve Health
While some heart valve problems cannot be prevented, healthy habits can help protect your heart. For instance, eating a balanced diet and staying active are important. In addition, managing blood pressure and cholesterol can lower your risk. If you smoke, try to quit. Regular check-ups with your doctor can catch problems early. Sometimes, infections can damage heart valves. So, practice good dental hygiene and see your dentist regularly. If you have a heart condition, ask your doctor about antibiotics before dental work.
Conclusion
Valvuloplasty is a safe and effective way to treat certain heart valve problems. It can improve your symptoms and help you feel better. However, every person is different. Consult a cardiologist for personalized advice about valvuloplasty and heart valve care.